Cash Flow
Cash Flow is the amount of money remaining after all monthly property expenses have been paid.
Typical expenses include:
- Mortgage payment
- Property taxes
- Homeowners insurance
- HOA fees
- Property management
- Maintenance and repairs
- Vacancy allowance
A property with positive cash flow generates more income than it costs to own each month.
Cap Rate (Capitalization Rate)
Cap Rate is one of the most common metrics used by investors to estimate a property’s earning potential.
It compares the property’s annual net operating income (NOI) to its purchase price.
Generally:
- Higher Cap Rates may offer greater potential returns but often come with higher risk.
- Lower Cap Rates are commonly found in more stable or highly desirable markets.
Cap Rate should always be evaluated alongside market conditions, rental demand, and appreciation potential.
Appreciation
Appreciation is the increase in a property’s value over time.
Although appreciation is never guaranteed, many markets experience long-term growth due to:
- Population growth
- Employment opportunities
- Limited housing inventory
- Economic development
- Infrastructure improvements
Many investors build wealth through appreciation while also earning rental income.
Equity
Equity is the portion of the property that you own.
As your mortgage balance decreases and your property’s value increases, your equity generally grows.
Many experienced investors leverage their equity to purchase additional investment properties and expand their portfolios.